INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF ASIAN CRIME INVESTIGATORS & SPECIALISTS

In Memeoriam: Dr. Henry C. Lee

It is with the deepest sorrow and profound regret that the International Organization of Asian Crime Investigators and Specialists (IOACIS) announces the passing of Dr. Henry C. Lee a world renowned forensic scientist whose extraordinary contributions to the field of criminal investigations have left an enduring global legacy.

Dr. Lee’s distinguished career spanned decades of groundbreaking work in forensic science. He was instrumental in advancing investigative methodologies, strengthening the role of scientific evidence in the pursuit of justice, and shaping the standards by which modern forensic investigations are conducted. His work has had a profound impact on law enforcement agencies and forensic professionals across the world, including many within the IOACIS community.

As a result of Dr. Lee’s lifelong devotion to forensic science, the University of New Haven in Connecticut established and dedicated the Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science, where Dr. Lee taught as a Professor, carried out and shared his vast experience and expertise, helping to shape the next generation of forensic professionals.

Dr. Lee was one of the founding fathers of IOACIS, playing a vital role in shaping the organization’s mission and its commitment to international collaboration in criminal investigations and interagency cooperations. Dr. Lee was the corner stone of IOACIS since its’ inception playing a major role as IOACIS Honorary Advisory Board member. Dr. Lee’s outstanding generosity and guidance to IOACIS were immeasurable.

Dr. Lee also served as a distinguished guest keynote speaker many times for the International Conference on Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism (ICTOCT), where attendees from around the world benefited from his vast knowledge of criminal investigations, forensic science and advanced investigative techniques. He was scheduled to speak at this year’s ICTOCT in Honolulu to discuss the latest trends and advancing techniques on “Missing Persons” investigations.

Throughout his life, Dr. Lee exemplified the highest ideals of professionalism, integrity, and service. As an educator and mentor, he inspired generations of investigators and specialists, generously sharing his knowledge and experience while fostering international collaboration values that closely align with the mission and spirit of IOACIS.

The loss of Dr. Lee is deeply felt across our organization and the broader global law enforcement and forensic science communities. His legacy will continue to guide and influence the pursuit of truth and justice for years to come.

On behalf of IOACIS, we extend our deepest condolences to Dr. Lee’s family, friends, colleagues, and all who were privileged to know and work alongside him. We honor his life, his achievements, and his unwavering dedication to the advancement of forensic science and international cooperation.

The IOACIS Executive Board stands united in honoring Dr. Lee’s remarkable legacy and reaffirms its commitment to advancing the principles of excellence, integrity, and international collaboration that he so passionately championed.

Dr. Lee will be greatly missed and forever remembered. Rest in Peace Dr. Lee.

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International Organization of Asian Crime Investigators and Specialists

Quarterly Newsletter

March 15, 2026


 

Welcome to the IOACIS Quarterly Newsletter.

This is the third edition of the IOACIS newsletter, designed to keep you informed about the latest developments and trends in Asian Organized Crime. Staying informed about these dynamic and evolving threats is important, both regionally and globally. The goal is to provide timely updates, analyses, and insights into recent occurrences, shifts in criminal operations, and efforts to combat this pervasive problem, which impacts communities globally. Feedback is welcome, and you're encouraged to share your thoughts, questions, or areas of interest for future issues. You can forward your submissions and suggestions to Nick Eftimiades at nue35@psu.edu.

 

 

1. The Digital Evolution: "Industrial-Scale" Cyber-Scams
The defining trend of 2025 and 2026 is the convergence of human trafficking and cyber-fraud. In Southeast Asia’s Mekong region, Chinese-linked organized crime groups now operate "scam compounds" on an industrial scale.

The Victim Pipeline: Over 300,000 individuals from more than 75 countries have been trafficked into these centers as of late 2025. Victims are lured by high-paying tech jobs, then held captive through torture and extortion to perform "pig butchering" scams.
Technological Shift: Criminal networks are rapidly adopting AI tools to scale operations and create more convincing deepfake personas for fraud.
Geographic Expansion: As law enforcement pressure increases in Myanmar and Cambodia, these networks are migrating to the Pacific Islands, South Asia, and West Africa.
Case in Focus: The "Four Families" Takedown
In early 2026, investigations into Myanmar's lawless border regions led to the handover of major criminal magnates, including Bai Suocheng, to Chinese authorities. These families allegedly ran multibillion-dollar empires fueled by human sacrifice, drug production, and internet fraud.


2. Finance & Money Laundering: The Crypto Underground
The backbone of modern Asian organized crime is a sophisticated underground banking system that has fully integrated cryptocurrency.

Massive Volume: Chinese-language money laundering networks (CMLNs) processed an estimated $16.1 billion in illicit funds in 2025 alone—accounting for roughly 20% of the global crypto-crime market.
The "Laundering-as-a-Service" Model: Networks use six primary techniques, including "Black U" services (illicit USDT movements) and gambling-based laundering where dirty money is placed into online betting platforms and withdrawn as "winnings".
Telegram "Guarantee" Platforms: CMLN’s primarily operate through Chinese-language Telegram channels that act as informal marketplaces and escrow services.
Crypto-Integration: CMLNs processed an estimated $16.1 billion in illicit digital funds in 2025 alone, frequently using stablecoins like Tether (USDT) to move value across borders and bypass Chinese currency controls.
Institutional Blacklisting: In May 2025, FinCEN officially identified the Cambodian-based Huione Group as a "primary money laundering concern," effectively severing it from the U.S. financial system for laundering billions for North Korean hackers and regional scam lords.

3. Transnational Repression: The Reach Beyond Borders
Organized crime groups are increasingly used as proxies for state actors to harass and silence dissidents living abroad.

Surveillance & Harassment: In March 2026, Italian authorities expelled eight Chinese nationals suspected of acting as informants for surveillance networks targeting the Chinese diaspora. One individual was linked to the harassment of prominent dissident Li Ying in Milan.
Impersonation Scams: The FBI issued warnings in early 2026 about actors impersonating Chinese police to defraud students in the U.S., claiming they are under investigation in China to extort payments.
State-Crime Nexus: Reports highlight that pro-Beijing activists with organized crime links in Taiwan have been involved in physical attacks against party critics.

4. Drug Smuggling & Counterfeiting: The Traditional Roots
While digital crime grows, traditional illicit trades remain highly lucrative.

Synthetic Drug Networks: Asian Triads like the 14K continue to supply essential chemical precursors to Mexican cartels for fentanyl production. There is an ongoing shift toward methamphetamine smuggling into Australia and New Zealand, which may spark violent clashes with rival cartels in 2026.
Counterfeit Goods: China remains the primary source of the world’s counterfeit goods. U.S. Customs seized nearly $5 billion in fake luxury items and electronics in 2024, with 2025 data showing an even faster pace of illicit trade.

5. Global Retaliation: The 2025–2026 Sanctions Wave
International regulators have shifted from monitoring to aggressive disruption, launching record-breaking sanctions packages.

The "Prince Group" Takedown (October 2025)
In what the U.S. Treasury Department described as its largest-ever action in Southeast Asia, coordinated sanctions were leveled against the Prince Group Transnational Criminal Organization.

Massive Scope: Authorities designated 146 individuals and entities for operating industrial-scale "pig butchering" scam centers.
Leadership Target: CEO Chen Zhi was specifically sanctioned for overseeing an empire built on human trafficking and crypto-fraud.
Asset Seizures: Following the U.S. lead, Singapore seized over $115 million in assets, and Hong Kong froze $354 million tied to the group by early 2026.
Targeting the "Enforcer" Militias
Sanctions have also hit the armed groups providing physical protection to these illicit hubs.

Karen National Army (KNA): Designated as a TCO in May 2025. Leader Saw Chit Thu was sanctioned for turning the Shwe Kokko border region into a lawless "haven" for trafficking and cybercrime.
DKBA Sanctions: In November 2025, the Democratic Karen Benevolent Army leadership was sanctioned for facilitating scam compounds in Burma.

Strategic Outlook for 2026: Law enforcement experts from Chainalysis and the USCC warn that as sanctions tighten, syndicates are migrating to AI-automated fraud and decentralized "shadow" banking to evade detection.

Intelligence Notes

The head of Prince Holding Group, Chen Zhi (also known as "Vincent"), was not extradited from Cuba; rather, he was arrested in Cambodia and extradited to China on January 6, 2026.

Details of the Extradition and Charges

Arrest and Extradition: Cambodian authorities arrested Chen Zhi and two other Chinese nationals, extraditing them to China on January 6, 2026, following a months-long joint investigation.
Legal Standing: Chen Zhi's Cambodian citizenship was revoked by royal decree in December 2025, just before his extradition.
International Sanctions: In October 2025, the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the UK Foreign Office sanctioned Prince Group, designating it a transnational criminal organization.
Asset Seizures: Following his indictment, authorities seized approximately $15 billion in Bitcoin, marking one of the largest forfeiture actions in U.S. Justice Department history.
 

Counterfeit & Pirated Goods: Estimated at approximately $467 billion as of 2021. Some broader estimates including domestic and international pirated goods suggest a range as high as $1.7 trillion to $4.5 trillion.

Global Drug Trade: Generally estimated to be worth between $426 billion and $652 billion. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime notes that the market continues to expand, with cocaine production hitting new records in recent years.

Administrative Information

Penn State University graduate students from the Homeland Security Program are available to support member needs by producing Open-Source research papers.  For details contact: Nick Eftimiades, nue35@psu.edu

Newsletter

International Organization of Asian
Crime Investigators and Specialists

Quarterly Newsletter
October 06, 2025

Welcome to the IOACIS Quarterly Newsletter.
This is the second edition of the IOACIS newsletter, designed to keep you informed
about the latest developments and trends in Asian Organized Crime. Staying informed
about these dynamic and evolving threats is important, both regionally and globally. The
goal is to provide timely updates, analyses, and insights into recent occurrences, shifts
in criminal operations, and efforts to combat this pervasive problem, which impacts
communities globally. Feedback is welcome, and you're encouraged to share your
thoughts, questions, or areas of interest for future issues. You can forward your
submissions and suggestions to Nick Eftimiades at nue35@psu.edu.

Investigations
California. In Sept 2025, three members of a Chinese money laundering organization plead
guilty to laundering tens of millions of dollars in drug proceeds. 

Maoxuan Xia and Zhou Yu, of China, and Shao Neng Lin, of Baldwin Park California, were
members of the Chinese money laundering organization that laundered over $92 million in illicit
funds, including proceeds from the importation and distribution of illegal drugs into the United
States, primarily through Mexico. Xia  traveled throughout the United States to collect drug
trafficking proceeds from drug traffickers and deposit those illicit funds, using both real and
fake identities, into shell company bank accounts set up by Lin and Yu.
https://www.irs.gov/compliance/criminal-investigation/three-members-of-a-prolific-chinese-money-
laundering-organization-plead-guilty-to-laundering-tens-of-millions-of-dollars-in-drug-proceeds
Massachusetts and Maine. ?In July 2025, seven Chinese nationals were charged in connection
with a multi-million-dollar conspiracy to cultivate and distribute marijuana across the Northeast
that used interconnected grow houses concealed inside single-family properties in
Massachusetts and Maine. ? It is alleged that Chinese nationals were trafficked into the United
States to work in these grow houses?.
https://www.justice.gov/usao-ma/pr/seven-chinese-nationals-charged-alleged-roles-multi-million-dollar-
money-laundering#:~:text=BOSTON%20%E2%80%93%20Seven%20Chinese%20nationals%20were,they%20re
paid%20their%20smuggling%20debts


https://www.boston.com/news/crime/2025/07/12/7-chinese-nationals-charged-in-alleged-multi-million-
dollar-money-laundering-and-trafficking-operation-in-mass/
South Korea. Prosecutors in South Korea say younger gang members are fueling a
resurgence in organized crime, blending violence with online scams that have defrauded
thousands. https://www.occrp.org/en/news/south-korea-targets-young-gangsters-in-major-crackdown

Research and News Reports
Presidential Determination on Major Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing
Countries for Fiscal Year 2026, Sept 15th
On September 15th, the US President submitted to Congress a Presidential
Determination on Major Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing Countries. Many
countries are identified, but the People's Republic of China (PRC) is stated as being the
leading global source of precursor chemicals used in illicit fentanyl and other synthetic
drug production. The PRC subsidizes exports and makes no effort to stop Chinese
companies from supplying cartels. In response, the US imposed a 20% tariff and ended
duty-free treatment for low-value PRC imports to curb the flow of illicit substances.

The Business of Exploitation: The economics of cyber scam operations in Southeast
Asia (Aug 2025)
This report breaks new ground by mapping the broader eco-system of financial transfers
that sustain these operations. The report explores payments related to online scams and
fraud, worker exploitation and trafficking for forced criminality, operational expenses and
corruption payments. Money laundering in the cyber scam ecosystem is a professional,
complex and multi-layered process that utilizes a range of diverse financial technologies
and transfer mechanisms. At the heart are so-called ‘gateway companies’, trusted
intermediaries who facilitate, ensure and guarantee complex financial flows. Funds are
moved through layers of mule accounts, decentralized finance applications, and crypto
exchanges, making illicit proceeds difficult to trace. This policy brief focuses on cyber
scam operations in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and the Philippines. While the primary
focus is on operations in these countries, evidence is also uncovered of links to the
wider Southeast Asian region.
US Department of Justice (May 2025)
In a memo dated 12 May 2025, Matthew R. Galeotti, Head of the Criminal Division of the
US Department of Justice established new priorities and policies for confronting
organized crime. One of the top ten DoJ priorities is " Complex money laundering,
including Chinese Money Laundering Organizations, and other organizations involved in
laundering funds used in the manufacturing of illegal drugs".

International Organization of Asian Crime Investigators and Specialists

Quarterly Newsletter

August 06, 2025

Welcome to the IOACIS Quarterly Newsletter.

This is the (re-booted) inaugural edition of the IOACIS newsletter, designed to keep you informed about the latest developments and trends in Asian Organized Crime. Staying informed about these dynamic and evolving threats is important, both regionally and globally. The goal is to provide timely updates, analyses, and insights into recent occurrences, shifts in criminal operations, and efforts to combat this pervasive problem, which impacts communities globally. Feedback is welcome, and you're encouraged to share your thoughts, questions, or areas of interest for future issues. You can forward your submissions and suggestions to Nick Eftimiades at nue35@psu.edu.

Investigations

Japanese Yakuza Leader – Takeshi Ebisawa, 2022

?       Arrested in 2022 in New York for an alleged drug-for-missiles conspiracy—selling methamphetamine and heroin in the U.S. to purchase surface-to-air missiles for Myanmar rebel groups.

?       Status: Guilty in 2025, Department of Justice

Chinese organized crime networks operating in Maine, 2024

?       In 2024, police agencies conducted a series of raids targeting illicit marijuana cultivation sites throughout rural communities in the state.

?       Arrests were made. The DoJ seized four properties.

?       An internal DHS memo identified 270 sites.

?       Status: Investigation is ongoing.

Chinese organized crime war in Italy 2025. Recent killings between Chinese organized crime groups are seen as part of the escalating "war of the hangers", a turf conflict originating in Prato’s textile district over control of logistics for the booming fast fashion industry.  Rivalries between Chinese organized crime groups in Italy has been rising since 2010.

Philippines. The Philippines Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission recently arrested Tony Yang, accusing him of leading a network of Chinese organized crime groups that established themselves in online gambling and online fraud businesses in the Philippines. In June, The Philippine government deported 100 Chinese nationals involved in Philippine Offshore Gaming Operations (POGO) to Shanghai. Despite the deportations, the Organized Crime Commission stated in June that over 9,000 POGO workers are believed to still be in the Philippines.

Research and News Reports

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’ annual report (May 2025) noted significant growth throughout 2024 in the production of methamphetamines in Southeast Asia.

Transnational Organized Crime groups in East and Southeast Asia are spreading their online scam operations across the globe in response to increased crackdowns by authorities. These online scam operations target U.S. residents and other countries via romance/investment “pig butchering”[1] schemes, exploiting AI/deepfakes and crypto tools.

Shift from Yakuza to decentralized “Tokury?” (April 2025). Japan’s notorious Yakuza mobsters appear be falling out of fashion. Their numbers are dwindling as young freelancers prefer to perform tasks independent of a structured organization.

Canadian Banks Tied to Chinese Fentanyl Laundering Risk U.S. Treasury Sanctions (March 2025) New US designations of terrorist organizations risk sanctions against Canadian banks not policing money laundering activities of the Sinaloa cartel. Canadian media reports state that the financiers and money launderers tied to Chinese triads in Canada can be directly linked to fentanyl-trafficking Mexican cartels. If Canadian banks are shown to be facilitating these funds, even passively, they may be subject to U.S. regulations—including terrorism finance sanctions.


[1] A "pig butchering" scam is a type of investment fraud that combines elements of confidence schemes and, often, romance scams. It's called "pig butchering" because the scammers "fatten up" their victims by gaining their trust over an extended period before financially exploiting them, much like how a pig is fattened before slaughter, according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation OIG.